Guidance: Is a term used to denote the process of helping an individual to gain self-understanding and self-direction (self decision...
Guidance: Is a term used to denote the process of helping an individual to
gain self-understanding and self-direction (self decision-making) so that
he/she can adjust maximally to his home, school or community environment.
Guidance involves giving individual relevant information and some advice
which help him/her to adjust himself/herself to a particular situation.
However, guidance depends on counselling. In this regard, guidance is a
generic term that embraces
(i) Counselling
(ii) Information services
(iii) Appraisal services
(iv) Guidance-oriented research services
Guidance is much more than a face-to-face interview. SCAGES (Standing
Conference of Associations for Guidance in Educational Settings, UK1992)
identified eleven key activities of guidance:
gain self-understanding and self-direction (self decision-making) so that
he/she can adjust maximally to his home, school or community environment.
Guidance involves giving individual relevant information and some advice
which help him/her to adjust himself/herself to a particular situation.
However, guidance depends on counselling. In this regard, guidance is a
generic term that embraces
(i) Counselling
(ii) Information services
(iii) Appraisal services
(iv) Guidance-oriented research services
Guidance is much more than a face-to-face interview. SCAGES (Standing
Conference of Associations for Guidance in Educational Settings, UK1992)
identified eleven key activities of guidance:
Kusoma zaidi tafadhali pakua hapa
Counselling: is the process of helping an individual to accept and use
information and advice so that he/she can either solve the present problem or
cope with it successfully (Biswalo, 1996). Sometimes counselling helps the
individual to accept an immutable situation. For example, a person can be
counselled to accept death of a parent, spouse or close relative as an
unchangeable situation.
information and advice so that he/she can either solve the present problem or
cope with it successfully (Biswalo, 1996). Sometimes counselling helps the
individual to accept an immutable situation. For example, a person can be
counselled to accept death of a parent, spouse or close relative as an
unchangeable situation.
Counselling is an activity that takes place when someone who is troubled
invites and allows another person to enter into a particular kind of
relationship with them. Usually, people seek counselling when they encounter
problems in living that they have not been able to resolve through their
everyday resources.
Counselling is designed to help clients to understand and clarify their views of
their life-space, and to learn to reach their self determined goals through
meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution of problem of an
emotional or interpersonal nature.
Mc Leod (2003) identified 15 aims of counseling:
1. Insight: the acquisition of an understanding of the origins and
development of emotional difficulties, leading to increased capacity to
take rational control over feelings and actions (Freud: where id was,
shall ego be’).
2. Relating with others: Becoming better able to form and maintain
meaningful and satisfying r/ships with other people: E.g. within family
or workplace.
3. Self-awareness: Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that
had been blocked off or denied, developing a more accurate sense of
how self is perceived by others.
4. Self-acceptance: The development of a positive attitude towards self,
marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been
subject of self-criticism and rejection.
5. Self-actualization or individuation: moving in the direction of
fulfilling potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting
parts of self.
6. Enlightenment: Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of
spiritual awakening.
7. Problem solving: Finding a solution to a specific problem that the
client had not been able to resolve alone.
8. Psychological education: Enabling the client to acquire ideas and
techniques with which to understand and control behavior.
9. Acquisition of social skills: Learning and mastering social and
interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye- contact, turn-taking in
conversation, assertiveness and anger control.
10. Cognitive change: Modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or
maladaptive thought patterns associated with self-destructive behavior.
11. Behavior change: Modification or replacement of maladaptive or selfdestructive
behavior.
12. Systemic change: Introducing change into the way in that the social
systems (e.g. families) operate.
13. Empowerment: Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge that will
enable the client to take control of his/her life.
14. Restitution: Helping the client to make amends for previous
destructive behavior.
15. Generality and social action: Inspiring in the person a desire and
capacity to care for others and pass on knowledge (generality) and to
contribute to the collective good through political engagement and
community work.
invites and allows another person to enter into a particular kind of
relationship with them. Usually, people seek counselling when they encounter
problems in living that they have not been able to resolve through their
everyday resources.
Counselling is designed to help clients to understand and clarify their views of
their life-space, and to learn to reach their self determined goals through
meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution of problem of an
emotional or interpersonal nature.
Mc Leod (2003) identified 15 aims of counseling:
1. Insight: the acquisition of an understanding of the origins and
development of emotional difficulties, leading to increased capacity to
take rational control over feelings and actions (Freud: where id was,
shall ego be’).
2. Relating with others: Becoming better able to form and maintain
meaningful and satisfying r/ships with other people: E.g. within family
or workplace.
3. Self-awareness: Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that
had been blocked off or denied, developing a more accurate sense of
how self is perceived by others.
4. Self-acceptance: The development of a positive attitude towards self,
marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been
subject of self-criticism and rejection.
5. Self-actualization or individuation: moving in the direction of
fulfilling potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting
parts of self.
6. Enlightenment: Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of
spiritual awakening.
7. Problem solving: Finding a solution to a specific problem that the
client had not been able to resolve alone.
8. Psychological education: Enabling the client to acquire ideas and
techniques with which to understand and control behavior.
9. Acquisition of social skills: Learning and mastering social and
interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye- contact, turn-taking in
conversation, assertiveness and anger control.
10. Cognitive change: Modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or
maladaptive thought patterns associated with self-destructive behavior.
11. Behavior change: Modification or replacement of maladaptive or selfdestructive
behavior.
12. Systemic change: Introducing change into the way in that the social
systems (e.g. families) operate.
13. Empowerment: Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge that will
enable the client to take control of his/her life.
14. Restitution: Helping the client to make amends for previous
destructive behavior.
15. Generality and social action: Inspiring in the person a desire and
capacity to care for others and pass on knowledge (generality) and to
contribute to the collective good through political engagement and
community work.
Note that counselling depends on information. Information enables the
counsellor to understand his/her counselee’s. The counsellor can collect the
information from the counselee and through organized information services,
appraisal services (both testing and non-testing), and guidance-oriented
research services.
With this relationship, guidance and counselling are inseparable. Counselling
is the brain as well as the wheels of guidance. Without counselling, guidance
becomes extremely difficult.
counsellor to understand his/her counselee’s. The counsellor can collect the
information from the counselee and through organized information services,
appraisal services (both testing and non-testing), and guidance-oriented
research services.
With this relationship, guidance and counselling are inseparable. Counselling
is the brain as well as the wheels of guidance. Without counselling, guidance
becomes extremely difficult.
Pakua hapa usome matini nzima
